-
1 προέχω
προέχω, [var] contr. [full] προὔχω, as always in Hom., exc. Od.12.11 (v. infr. B), also in S. and Th.: [tense] fut. προέξω: [tense] aor. προέσχον, [voice] Med. προεσχόμην, προὐσχόμην, cf. προΐσχω:—A hold before,τὴν ἀσπίδα τῆς κωλῆς Ar.Nu. 989
; esp. so as to protect another,τὼ χεῖρε π. X.Cyr.2.3.10
:—[voice] Med., hold before oneself, ; hold out before one,πρὸ δούρατ' ἔχοντο Il.17.355
, cf. Hdt.2.42; προὐσχόμην σε held you out as a child (to do your needs), Ar.Nu. 1385.2 metaph. in [voice] Med., put forward as a pretext,τάδ' ἂν προὔχοιο S.Ant.80
; ὅπερ μάλιστα προὔχονται εἰ καθαιρεθείη, μὴ ἂν γίγνεσθαι τὸν πόλεμον the cancellation of which is the chief consideration in return for which they pretend that war would not occur, Th.1.140.II to be possessed or informed of a thing beforehand,π. τῶν Ἀθηναίων οὐ φιλίας γνώμας Hdt.9.4
, cf. D.S.31.27, D.C. 43.3.2 have before, ἃ προεῖχεν μισθῷ ὁ.. Πτολεμαῖος had hitherto on lease, BGU889.9 (ii A.D.), cf. Sammelb.5672.5 (ii A.D.), etc.; εἰς τοῦτο ὑπολόγησον ὃ προέχουσι what they have already received, PPetr.2p.32(iii B.C.): abs., ὁ προέχων the first recipient, Arist.EN 1164b9.B intr., jut out, project, in Hom. in a local sense, of headlands, towers, hills,ὅθ' ἀκρότατος πρόεχ' ἀκτή Od.12.11
, cf. 10.90;ἐπ' ἠϊόνας προὐχούσας 6.138
;πύργῳ ἐπὶ προὔχοντι Il.22.97
;ἐπὶ προὔχοντι μελάθρῳ Od.19.544
;ἀκτὴ προέχουσα ἐς τὸν πόντον Hdt.4.177
, cf. Th. 4.109,6.97;τὸ προὔχον τῆς ἐμβολῆς Id.2.76
: generally, project, c. gen.,προέχουσα κάρης εὐρεῖα καλύπτρη Call.Fr. 125
.II in running, to be the first, have the start, Il.23.325: c. gen., ἡμέρης ὁδῷ π. τῶν Περσέων keep ahead of them by a day's march, Hdt.4.120; προέχων τῶν ἄλλων [ ὁ ἵππος] getting before the rest, Id.9.22; τῇ κεφαλῇ π. beat by a head, in racing, X.Cyr.4.3.16: of Time, προεῖχε [ ἡ τριήρης] ἡμέρᾳ καὶ νυκτί started first by.., Th.3.49;π. εἴκοσιν ἔτεσιν Pl.Lg. 879c
: metaph., have the advantage of,τινὸς τῷ διπλασίῳ Antipho3.3.2
.2 of rank, c. gen., δήμου προὔχουσιν they are the first or chief of the people, h.Cer. 151; τοῦ Δωρικοῦ, τοῦ Ἰωνικοῦ [ γένεος], Hdt.1.56: abs., to be superior, Th.1.39, 3.82; to all that is eminent,Id.
3.84; οἱ προὔχοντες the chief men, Id.5.17; οἱ π. [ βίοι] the principal kinds of lives, Arist.EN 1095b18.3 surpass, excel, Th.7.66: freq. c. gen., τὸ Ἄργος π. ἅπασι τῶν ἐν τῇ.. χώρῃ in all things, Hdt.1.1, cf. 32; (lyr.);πολὺ προὔχουσα θεάων Call.Del. 218
;π. αὐτέων τοσοῦτον ὅσον.. Hdt.2.136
;πολλῷ π. Id.3.82
; π. δυνάμει, πλήθει καὶ ἐμπειρίᾳ, Th.1.18, 121;τοσοῦτον ἐκείνων μεγέθει π. Luc.Musc.Enc.1
: also π. τινὸς τιμήν to be preferred to him in honour, S.Ant. 208;π. ἔν τινος λαμπρότητι Th.6.16
;μικρὸν π. ἐν τοῖς μεγάλοις μᾶλλον ἢ πολὺ διαφέρειν ἐν τοῖς μικροῖς Isoc.10.5
;κατά τι Luc.Am.30
.b rarely c. acc. pers., X.An.3.2.19(nisi secl. [ ἡμᾶς]):—[voice] Pass., to be excelled,οὐθὲν π. ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός Plu.2.1038d
; to be in worse case, Ep.Rom.3.9.III impers., οὔ τι προέχει it is of no advantage, c. inf., Hdt.9.27. -
2 δάκρυ
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: παρά- δακρυ plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); many bahuvrihi's in - δακρυς.Derivatives: Demin. δακρύδιον as plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); - δακρυ-όεις `rich in tears' (Il.) on which Risch, Museum Helv. 3 (1946) 255; δακρυώδης `with tears' (of wounds, Hp.); denomin. δακρύω `weep (over)' (Il.) with δάκρῡμα `wept over' (Orac. ap. Hdt. 7, 169), `tear' (A.); hell. *δάκρῠμα to Lat. dacrŭma, lacrĭma, s. Leumann Sprache 1, 206.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [179] *drḱ-h₂ḱru `eye-bitter' \> `tear'Etymology: Old word for `tear'. Arm. artasu-k` pl. (\< *draḱu-, s. below), sg. artawsr (\< *draḱu-r); Germ., e. g. OHG zahar, Goth. tagr (with grammat. change); Celt., e. g. OBret. dacr, OIr. dēr, \< *daḱr(o)-. - Beside it OHG trahan, \< PGm. * trahnu-, \< *draḱnu-. One started from *draḱru- with dissimilation. - The eastern languages have no initial consonants: Skt. áśru-, Av. asrū-, Balt., e. g. Lith. ašarà, Toch. A ākär. "Eine befriedigende Erklärung ist noch nicht gefunden; vielleicht liegt alte Kreuzung mit einem anderen Wort vor." (Frisk) - Kortlandt assumes a compound from *dr̥ḱ-h₂ḱru `eye-bitter', the first element from *derḱ- `to see', the second element being `bitter'. Cf. Pinault FS Beekes 1997, 291-233. - Note Hitt. išḫaḫru- n. `tears'. Kortlandt supposes *skʷ-h₂ḱru (from * sekʷ- `see'). - See W.-Hofmann s. lacrima; further Sapir Lang. 15, 180ff..Page in Frisk: 1,344Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάκρυ
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